CASTLES CARLISLE

Carlisle Castle is a formidable medieval fortress dominating the border landscape of Cumbria, strategically positioned to control routes between England and Scotland. The castle's impressive stone walls, towers, and keep date from the Norman period and were continuously modified through medieval times to strengthen its defensive capabilities. Throughout its lengthy history, Carlisle Castle served critical roles in border warfare, royal administration, and imprisonment, notably hosting Mary Queen of Scots during her captivity. Managed by English Heritage, the castle invites visitors to explore its military heritage, climb its towers for panoramic views, and examine exhibits documenting nearly 900 years of history. The fortress remains one of northern England's most significant medieval strongholds, reflecting the turbulent history of the Anglo-Scottish border.

Bewcastle Castle stands on the site of a former Roman fort in a remote northwestern English village, rich with border history and medieval significance. Constructed between 1340–1360 using material from the underlying Roman outpost, the castle served as a motte and bailey fortress defending against Scottish raids and Border Reivers during the turbulent 15th–16th centuries. Located approximately 10 kilometres south of Hadrian's Wall, Bewcastle features a 7th-century Anglo-Saxon cross among its grounds and provides sanctuary insights for locals during medieval conflict periods. The Graham family held the property from 1629 through the 20th century, and the site remains accessible as part of Bewcastle's broader historical landscape.