Vastseliina Episcopal Castle, constructed in 1342, was one of the most formidable fortifications in Old Livonia, strategically positioned to protect an important road connecting the region with Pskov. Beyond its military significance, the castle gained fame across northern Europe as a pilgrimage destination due to the Holy Cross housed in its chapel—a site where pilgrimages granted indulgences decreed by Pope Innocent VI. The castle fell during the Great Northern War when Russian troops demolished it in 1702. Today's site combines medieval ruins with a newly constructed Pilgrims House (recipient of Estonia's annual architecture award in 2018), interactive exhibitions, and facilities welcoming history enthusiasts, families, and pilgrims seeking to connect with this sacred past.
